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FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED v. COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA

Supreme Court of India | Diary 10296/2020

Status

ROP - of Main Case

Decided On

03-02-2026

Bench

HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE, HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE JOYMALYA BAGCHI and HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE VIPUL M. PANCHOLI

Petitioner

FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

Respondent

COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA

casestatus.in Summary

When a quasi-judicial or appellate tribunal bases its findings on an order from another proceeding that is no longer operative or in existence, the impugned order is vitiated and warrants remand for fresh adjudication in accordance with settled legal principles. An appellate tribunal under competition law must independently assess whether a *prima facie* case for investigation exists without relying on extraneous or non-subsisting orders. This analysis, available via casestatus.in, reflects the principle that judicial and quasi-judicial findings must rest on valid, subsisting evidentiary foundations.

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Full Judgment Text

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2770 OF 2020 FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED & ANR. APPELLANT(S) VERSUS COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA & ANR. RESPONDENT(S) O R D E R 1. We have heard Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi and Mr. Rajshekhar Rao, learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the appellants as well as Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, learned counsel on behalf of respondent No.2. 2. The record has also been perused. It appears that while passing the Impugned Judgment dated 04.03.2020, the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) has relied upon the observations made in a quasi-judicial order passed by the Assessing Officer (AO) in an Income Tax-related proceeding. That order is stated to be no longer in existence. It further seems to us that it will be fair to both sides as well as in the interest of justice, if the matter is remanded with a request to NCLAT to decide the appeal afresh, keeping in mind the settled principles, as also re- stated by this Court in Coal India Limited & Anr. v. Competition Commission of India & Anr. reported in (2023) 10 SCC 345. Ordered accordingly. 3. The parties would be at liberty to raise their respective contentions before the NCLAT for the purpose of determining whether 1

a prima facie case for investigation that may warrant further remand of the case to the Competition Commission of India, is made out or not. 4. In this regard, it is clarified that we have not expressed any opinion on the merits of the case, including the question whether the quasi-judicial order passed by the AO is still in existence and operative, more so when the same is hotly debated before us. All the contentions are thus left open for the parties to be raised before the NCLAT. 5. The appeal is, accordingly, allowed in part. The impugned order of the NCLAT is set aside. The matter is remanded to the NCLAT for fresh consideration. The parties are directed to appear before the NCLAT on 20.02.2026. ..........................CJI (SURYA KANT) ..........................J. (JOYMALYA BAGCHI) ..........................J. (VIPUL M. PANCHOLI) NEW DELHI; FEBRUARY 03, 2026. 2

ITEM NO.16 COURT NO.1 SECTION XVII-B S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Civil Appeal No(s). 2770/2020 FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED & ANR. Appellant(s) VERSUS COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s) (IA No. 71781/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT, IA No. 71779/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM PAYING COURT FEE, IA No. 71778/2020 - PERMISSION TO FILE ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS/FACTS/ANNEXURES and IA No. 64558/2020 - STAY APPLICATION) Date : 03-02-2026 This matter was called on for hearing today. CORAM : HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE JOYMALYA BAGCHI HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE VIPUL M. PANCHOLI For Appellant(s) : Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Sr. Adv. Mr. Rajshekhar Rao, Sr. Adv. Ms. Shally Bhasin, Adv. Mr. Yaman Verma, Adv. Mr. Prateek Gupta, Adv. Ms. Sonali Charak, Adv. Ms. Rachna Dubey, Adv. Ms. Janhavi Singh, Adv. Mr. L Nidhiram, Adv. Mr. Ajay Sabarwal, Adv. Mr. S. S. Shroff, AOR For Respondent(s): Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, AOR Ms. Nidhi Khanna, Adv. Ms. Shubhangi Pandey, Adv. Ms. Parul Shukla, Adv. Mr. Tahir Ashraf Siddiqui, AOR Mr. Kartikey Sahai, Adv. UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R The appeal is allowed in part in terms of the signed order. Pending application(s), if any, shall stand closed. (NITIN TALREJA) (PREETHI T.C.) ASTT. REGISTRAR-cum-PS ASSISTANT REGISTRAR (Signed order is placed on the file) 3

ITEM NO.14 COURT NO.1 SECTION XVII-B S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Civil Appeal No(s).2770/2020 FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED & ANR. Appellant(s) VERSUS COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s) IA No. 71781/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT IA No. 71779/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM PAYING COURT FEE IA No. 71778/2020 - PERMISSION TO FILE ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS/FACTS/ANNEXURES IA No. 64558/2020 - STAY APPLICATION Date : 09-12-2025 This matter was called on for hearing today. CORAM : HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE JOYMALYA BAGCHI For Appellant(s) Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Sr. Adv. Mr. Rajshekhar Rao, Sr. Adv. Mr. S.S. Shroff, AOR Mr. Yaman Verma, Adv. Mr. Prateek Yadav, Adv. Ms. Sonali Charak, Adv. Ms. Rachna Dubey, Adv. Ms. Janhavi Singh, Adv. Mr. L Nidhiram, Adv. Mr. Ajay Sabarwal, Adv. For Respondent(s) Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, AOR Ms. Nidhi Khanna, Adv. Ms. Shubhangi Pandey, Adv. Mr. Saday Mondol, Adv. Ms. Shivani Devdahiya, Adv. Ms. Parul Shukla, Adv. Mr. Tahir Ashraf Siddiqui, AOR Mr. Kartikey Sahai, Adv. Mr. Mayur Punjabi, Adv. UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R List on 03.02.2026(NMD). (SATISH KUMAR YADAV) (PREETHI T.C.) ADDITIONAL REGISTRAR ASSISTANT REGISTRAR

ITEM NO.5 COURT NO.2 SECTION XVII-B S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Civil Appeal No(s). 2770/2020 FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED & ANR. Appellant(s) VERSUS COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s) (IA No. 71781/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT, IA No. 71779/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM PAYING COURT FEE, IA No. 71778/2020 - PERMISSION TO FILE ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS/FACTS/ANNEXURES and IA No. 64558/2020 - STAY APPLICATION) Date : 07-10-2025 This matter was called on for hearing today. CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SURYA KANT HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE JOYMALYA BAGCHI For Appellant(s) : Mr. S. S. Shroff, AOR Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Sr. Adv. Ms. Shally Bhasin, Adv. Mr. Yaman Verma, Adv. Mr. Prateek Gupta, Adv. Ms. Sonali Charak, Adv. Ms. Rachna Dubey, Adv. Ms. Janhavi Singh, Adv. Ms. Ninni Susan Thomas, Adv. Ms. Megha, Adv. Ms. Pallak Bhagat, Adv. For Respondent(s) : Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, AOR Ms. Nidhi Khanna, Adv. Ms. Shubhangi Pandey, Adv. Mr. Saday Mondol, Adv. Mr. Tahir Ashraf Siddiqui, AOR Mr. Mayur Punjabi, Adv. Mr. Kartikey Sahai, Adv. UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R List on 09.12.2025. Meanwhile, interim stay to continue. (NITIN TALREJA) (PREETHI T.C.) ASTT. REGISTRAR-cum-PS ASSISTANT REGISTRAR

ITEM NO.14 COURT NO.2 SECTION XVII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Civil Appeal No(s). 2770/2020 FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED & ANR. Appellant(s) VERSUS COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s) (IA No. 71781/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT IA No. 71779/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM PAYING COURT FEE IA No. 71778/2020 - PERMISSION TO FILE ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS/FACTS/ ANNEXURES IA No. 64558/2020 - STAY APPLICATION) Date : 20-05-2025 This matter was called on for hearing today. CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SURYA KANT HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE NONGMEIKAPAM KOTISWAR SINGH For Appellant(s) : Mr. S. S. Shroff, AOR For Respondent(s) : Ms. Nidhi Khanna, Adv. Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, AOR Ms. Shubhangi Pandey, Adv. Mr. Tahir Ashraf Siddiqui, AOR Mr. Mayur Chandresh Punjabi, Adv. UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R List on 20.08.2025. (NITIN TALREJA) (PREETHI T.C.) ASTT. REGISTRAR-cum-PS ASSISTANT REGISTRAR

ITEM NO.33 COURT NO.3 SECTION XVII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Civil Appeal No(s).2770/2020 FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED & ANR. Appellant(s) VERSUS COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s) IA No. 71781/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT IA No. 71779/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM PAYING COURT FEE IA No. 71778/2020 - PERMISSION TO FILE ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS/FACTS/ANNEXURES IA No. 64558/2020 - STAY APPLICATION Date : 21-03-2025 This matter was called on for hearing today. CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SURYA KANT HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE NONGMEIKAPAM KOTISWAR SINGH For Appellant(s) : Dr. S. Muralidhar, Sr. Adv. Mr. M.A. Karthik, Adv. Ms. Ninni Susan Thomas, Adv. Ms. Megha Khanna, Adv. Mr. Maitreya Subramaniam, Adv. Ms. Pallak Bhagat, Adv. Ms. Shally Bhasin, Adv. Mr. Yaman Verma, Adv. Mr. Chaitanya Safaya, Adv. Ms. Rachna Dubey, Adv. Ms. Sonali Charak, Adv. Ms. Janhavi Singh, Adv. Mr. S.S. Shroff, AOR For Respondent(s) Ms. Nidhi Khanna, Adv. Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, AOR Ms. Shubhangi Pandey, Adv. Mr. Tahir Ashraf Siddiqui, AOR Mr. Mayur Punjabi, Adv. Mr. Kartikey Sahai, Adv. UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R List on 20.05.2025(NMD). (SATISH KUMAR YADAV) (PREETHI T.C.) ADDITIONAL REGISTRAR ASSISTANT REGISTRAR

ITEM NO.33 REGISTRAR COURT. 2 SECTION XVII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE REGISTRAR SH. PAVANESH D. IA 64558/2020,71778/2020,71779/2020,71781/2020, in Civil Appeal No(s). 2770/2020 FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED & ANR. Appellant(s) VERSUS COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s) IA No. 71781/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT IA No. 71779/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM PAYING COURT FEE IA No. 71778/2020 - PERMISSION TO FILE ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS/FACTS/ANNEXURES IA No. 64558/2020 - STAY APPLICATION) Date : 29-03-2023 These matters were called on for hearing today. For Appellant(s) Ms. Shally Bhasin, Adv. Mr. Chaitanya Safaya, Adv. Mr. S. S. Shroff, AOR For Respondent(s) Ms. Aandrita Deb, Adv. Ms. Nidhi Khanna, Adv. Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, AOR Mr. Tahri Ashraf Siddiqui, AOR UPON hearing the counsel through Video Conference, the Court made the following O R D E R Despite due service on respondent no.1, there is no appearance. However, Mr. Tahir Ashraf Siddiqui, Ld. AOR, prays for time to file vakalatnama for respondent no.1. As requested, one weeks’ time, is granted for the said purpose. It is further submitted by the Ld. Counsel that no counter affidavit would be filed on behalf of respondent no.1.

Four weeks time, as a last chance, is granted to respondent no.2 to file counter affidavit. After expiry of the said period, matter be processed for listing before the Hon’ble Court, as per rules. PAVANESH D. Registrar pm

ITEM NO.57 REGISTRAR COURT. 2 SECTION XVII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE REGISTRAR SH. PAVANESH D. IA 64558/2020,71778/2020,71779/2020,71781/2020, in Civil Appeal No(s). 2770/2020 FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED & ANR. Appellant(s) VERSUS COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s) IA No. 71781/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT IA No. 71779/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM PAYING COURT FEE IA No. 71778/2020 - PERMISSION TO FILE ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS/FACTS/ANNEXURES IA No. 64558/2020 - STAY APPLICATION) Date : 10-02-2023 These matters were called on for hearing today. For Appellant(s) Ms. Shally Bhasin, Adv. Mr. Chaitanya Safaya, Adv. Mr. Yaman Verma, Adv. Mr. S. S. Shroff, AOR For Respondent(s) Mr. Aanorita Deb,Adv. Ms. Nidhi Khanna,Adv. Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, AOR UPON hearing the counsel through Video Conference, the Court made the following O R D E R Two weeks time is granted to the learned counsel for the appellants for taking fresh steps in respect of respondent No.1. Four weeks time is given to respondent No.2 to file the counter affidavit. List again on 29.3.2023. PAVANESH D. Registrar MG

ITEM NO.3 Court 1 (Video Conferencing) SECTION XVII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Civil Appeal No(s). 2770/2020 FLIPKART INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED & ANR. Appellant(s) VERSUS COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s) (FOR ADMISSION and IA No.64558/2020-STAY APPLICATION and IA No.71779/2020-EXEMPTION FROM PAYING COURT FEE and IA No.71781/2020- EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT and IA No.71778/2020-PERMISSION TO FILE ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS/FACTS/ANNEXURES ) Date : 02-12-2020 This appeal was called on for hearing today. CORAM : HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE A.S. BOPANNA HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN For Appellant(s) Mr. Harish N. Salve,Sr.Adv. Mr. Anuj Berry,Adv. Mr. Yaman Verma,Adv. Mr. Aashish Gupta,Adv. Mr. Chaitanya Safaya,Adv. Mr. P.S.S. Bhargava,Adv. Mr. S. S. Shroff, AOR For Respondent(s) Ms. Nidhi Khanna,Adv. Mr. Chanakya Basa,Adv. Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, AOR UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R Issue notice. In the meantime, there shall be stay of operation of the impugned order. (MADHU BALA) (INDU KUMARI POKHRIYAL) AR-CUM-PS ASSISTANT REGISTRAR

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