1 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO.1754 OF 2018 ( Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.12416 of 2016 ) Munusamy & Ors. …. Appellants Versus The Managing Director, Tamil Nadu State ….Respondent Transport Corporation (Villupuram) Ltd. J U D G M E N T A.M. Khanwilkar, J. 1. This appeal emanates from the judgment and order passed by the High Court of Judicature at Madras dated 16.04.2013 in C.M.A. No.2819 of 2012. The High Court allowed the prayer for grant of enhanced compensation amount in favour of the appellants. The appellants seek further enhancement of compensation amount on the ground
2 that the High Court has not provided for future prospects, while computing the compensation amount. The appellants rely upon the recent decision of the Constitution Bench of this Court in the case of National Insurance Company Ltd. Vs. Pranay Sethi and Ors. 1 , to buttress their submission. 2. Before we deal with the grievance of the appellants, it is apposite to reproduce the relevant extract of the impugned judgment which reads thus: “ 7. We have heard the learned counsel for the respondent on the above submission. 8. In the absence of specific proof of employment, the Tribunal rightly has taken the earning of the deceased at Rs.4,000/ per month and deducted 50% towards personal expenses since the deceased were bachelors. However, the proper multiplier to be adopted in the case must be 18, since the deceased were 21 and 20 years respectively. A sum of Rs.20,000/ to each of the claimants towards loss of love and affection and a further sum of Rs.5,000/ towards transport expenses were granted. 9. Accordingly, in C.M.A. No.2819 of 2012 compensation payable would be as follows: (a) Loss of Dependency Rs.4,32,000/ (Rs.4,000/×12×18) (b) Loss of love and affection Rs. 60,000/ (c) Transport Rs. 5,000/ (d) Funeral Rs. 2,000/ 1 AIR 2017 SC 5157
3 (e) Loss of estate Rs. 2,500/ Total = Rs.5,01,500/” 3. On perusal of the judgment under appeal, it is evident that the High Court has not provided for future prospects while computing the compensation amount under the head ‘loss of dependency’. The necessity to provide future prospects has been expounded by the Constitution Bench of this Court in National Insurance Company Ltd. (supra). It will be useful to reproduce paragraph No.59 of the said judgment, which reads thus: “ 59. Having bestowed our anxious consideration, we are disposed to think when we accept the principle of standardization, there is really no rationale not to apply the said principle to the selfemployed or a person who is on a fixed 44 salary. To follow the doctrine of actual income at the time of death and not to add any amount with regard to future prospects to the income for the purpose of determination of multiplicand would be unjust. The determination of income while computing compensation has to include future prospects so that the method will come within the ambit and sweep of just compensation as postulated under Section 168 of the Act. In case of a deceased who had held a permanent job with inbuilt grant of annual increment, there is an acceptable certainty. But to state that the legal representatives of a deceased who was on a fixed salary would not be entitled to the benefit of future prospects for the purpose of computation of compensation would be inapposite. It is because the criterion of distinction
4 between the two in that event would be certainty on the one hand and staticness on the other. One may perceive that the comparative measure is certainty on the one hand and uncertainty on the other but such a perception is fallacious. It is because the price rise does affect a self employed person; and that apart there is always an incessant effort to enhance one’s income for sustenance. The purchasing capacity of a salaried person on permanent job when increases because of grant of increments and pay revision or for some other change in service conditions, there is always a 45 competing attitude in the private sector to enhance the salary to get better efficiency from the employees. Similarly, a person who is selfemployed is bound to garner his resources and raise his charges/fees so that he can live with same facilities. To have the perception that he is likely to remain static and his income to remain stagnant is contrary to the fundamental concept of human attitude which always intends to live with dynamism and move and change with the time. Though it may seem appropriate that there cannot be certainty in addition of future prospects to the existing income unlike in the case of a person having a permanent job, yet the said perception does not really deserve acceptance. We are inclined to think that there can be some degree of difference as regards the percentage that is meant for or applied to in respect of the legal representatives who claim on behalf of the deceased who had a permanent job than a person who is selfemployed or on a fixed salary. But not to apply the principle of standardization on the foundation of perceived lack of certainty would tantamount to remaining oblivious to the marrows of ground reality. And, therefore, degreetest is imperative. Unless the degreetest is applied and left to the parties to adduce evidence to establish, it would be unfair and inequitable. The degreetest has to have the inbuilt concept of 46 percentage. Taking into consideration the cumulative factors, namely, passage of time, the changing society, escalation of price, the change in price index, the human attitude to follow a particular pattern of
5 life, etc., an addition of 40% of the established income of the deceased towards future prospects and where the deceased was below 40 years an addition of 25% where the deceased was between the age of 40 to 50 years would be reasonable.” Again, in the concluding paragraph No.61 the Court observed thus: “ 61. In view of the aforesaid analysis, we proceed to record our conclusions: * * * (iii) While determining the income, an addition of 50% of actual salary to the income of the deceased towards future prospects, where the deceased had a permanent job and was below the age of 40 years, should be made. The addition should be 30%, if the age of the deceased was 48 between 40 to 50 years. In case the deceased was between the age of 50 to 60 years, the addition should be 15%. Actual salary should be read as actual salary less tax. (iv) In case the deceased was selfemployed or on a fixed salary, an addition of 40% of the established income should be the warrant where the deceased was below the age of 40 years. An addition of 25% where the deceased was between the age of 40 to 50 years and 10% where the deceased was between the age of 50 to 60 years should be regarded as the necessary method of computation. The established income means the income minus the tax component.” 4. On 03.03.2007, the deceased (Palani), who was only around 21 years of age at the time, was riding a motorcycle bearing Registration No. TN22 AP 5092 along with his friend,
6 one Haridass as a pillion rider, from Tambaram to Chengalpattu on GST Road, Maraimalai Nagar, opposite Vikram Hotel, when they collided with a bus bearing Registration No. TN21 N 0943 belonging to the respondent Transport Corporation, which was driven in a rash and negligent manner. The deceased was unmarried and working as a contract worker in Hyundai Car Company, Sriperumbudur. Applying the dictum of the Constitution Bench referred to above, the appellants are justified in insisting for grant of future prospects at the rate of 40% of the established income. The High Court has held that the earning of the deceased at the relevant time can be taken as Rs.4,000/ per month. The High Court did not provide 40% towards future prospects on the established income of the deceased. Thus, the monthly loss of dependency, in the facts of the present case would be Rs.4,000 + 1,600 = Rs.5,600/. 5. In other words, instead of amount awarded by the High Court towards loss of dependency in the sum of Rs. 4,32,000/, the same will stand modified to Rs.6,04,800/ (Rupees six
7 lakh four thousand eight hundred only) along with interest at the rate of 9% (nine percent) per annum. We are not disturbing the other directions given by the High Court in respect of other heads. 6. Accordingly, the respondent Transport Corporation must deposit the additional amount of compensation of Rs.1,72,800 / (Rupees one lakh seventy two thousand eight hundred only) along with interest, as awarded in the preceding paragraph, within a period of eight weeks from the date of receipt of the copy of this judgment in the Court of Additional District & Sessions Judge, Fast Track CourtIV, Chennai (Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Chennai). 7. In other words, the compensation payable to the appellants would be as follows: (a) Loss of Dependency Rs.6,04,800/ [Rs.5,600 – 50% of 5600)×12×18] (b) Loss of love and affection Rs. 60,000/ (c) Transport Rs. 5,000/ (d) Funeral Rs. 2,000/ (e) Loss of estate Rs. 2,500/ Total = Rs.6,74,300/
8 8. As a result, the Appeal stands allowed. The compensation awarded by the High Court is enhanced from Rs.5,01,500/ to Rs.6,74,300/ [Rupees six lakh seventy four thousand three hundred only]. The respondent Transport Corporation is directed to deposit the entire award amount as indicated above with interest at 9% (nine percent) per annum less the amount already deposited if any, within a period of eight weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this judgment and the appellants shall be entitled to the compensation in the proportion specified by the Tribunal. The first and second appellants are entitled to withdraw the amount deposited upon verification of due application and the share of the third appellant (minor) shall be deposited in any of the nationalised banks till she attains majority and the second claimant/mother is entitled to withdraw interest thereon once in three months towards meeting the needs of the minor. Upon turning 18, the minor appellant is entitled to withdraw her respective share.
9 9. Accordingly, the appeal is allowed in the aforementioned terms with no order as to costs. .………………………….CJI. (Dipak Misra) …………………………..….J. (A.M. Khanwilkar) …………………………..….J. (Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud) New Delhi; February 09, 2018.
ITEM NO.1502 COURT NO.1 SECTION XII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Civil Appeal No(s). 1754/2018 MUNUSAMY & ORS. Appellant(s) VERSUS THE MANAGING DIRECTOR, TAMIL NADU STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION (VILLUPURAM) LTD. Respondent(s) Date : 09-02-2018 This appeal was called on for JUDGMENT today. For Appellant(s) Mr. K.V. Jagdishvaran, Adv. Ms. G. Indira, Adv. [AOR] For Respondent(s) Hon’ble Mr. Justice A.M. Khanwilkar pronounced the judgment of the Bench comprising Hon’ble the Chief Justice of India, His Lordship and Hon’ble Dr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud allowing appeal in terms of the signed reportable judgment with no order as to costs. (Subhash Chander) (H.S. Parasher) AR-cum-PS Assistant Registrar [Signed Reportable Judgment is placed on the file]
ITEM NO.7 COURT NO.1 SECTION XII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (C) No.12416/2016 (Arising out of impugned final judgment and order dated 16-04-2013 in CMA No. 2819/2012 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Madras) MUNUSAMY & ORS. Petitioner(s) VERSUS THE MANAGING DIRECTOR, TAMIL NADU STATE Respondent(s) TRANSPORT CORPORATION (VILLUPURAM) LTD. Date : 07-02-2018 This petition was called on for hearing today. CORAM : HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE A.M. KHANWILKAR HON'BLE DR. JUSTICE D.Y. CHANDRACHUD For Petitioner(s) Mr. K.V. Jagdishvaran, Adv. Ms. G. Indira, AOR For Respondent(s) UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R Leave granted. Heard Mr. K.V. Jagdishvaran, learned counsel for the appellants. Despite service of notice, no one has entered appearance on behalf of the respondent. Hearing concluded. Judgment reserved. (Chetan Kumar) (H.S. Parasher) Court Master Assistant Registrar
ITEM NO.3 REGISTRAR COURT. 1 SECTION XII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE REGISTRAR MR. KAPIL MEHTA Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (C) No(s). 12416/2016 MUNUSAMY & ORS. Petitioner(s) VERSUS THE MANAGING DIRECTOR, TAMIL NADU STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION (VILLUPURAM) LTD.Respondent(s) Date : 18-01-2018 This petition was called on for hearing today. For Petitioner(s) Mr K.V.Jagdishvaran, Adv. Ms. G. Indira, AOR For Respondent(s) UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R Service on the sole respondent is complete through dasti but no one has entered appearance. Registry to process the matter for listing before the Hon'ble Court as per rules. KAPIL MEHTA Registrar 18.01.2018 hj
ITEM NO.6 REGISTRAR COURT. 1 SECTION XII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE REGISTRAR MR. KAPIL MEHTA Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal(C) No(s).12416/2016 MUNUSAMY & ORS. Petitioner(s) VERSUS THE MANAGING DIRECTOR, TAMIL NADU STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION (VILLUPURAM) LTD. Respondent(s) Date : 27-11-2017 This petition was called on for hearing today. For Petitioner(s) Mr. K.V. Jagdishvaran,Adv. Ms. G. Indira, AOR For Respondent(s) UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R Last and final opportunity is granted to the Ld. Counsel for the petitioners for filing the affidavit of dasti service in respect of sole respondent within four weeks. List again on 18 th of January, 2018. KAPIL MEHTA Registrar vkt
ITEM NO.3 REGISTRAR COURT. 1 SECTION XII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE REGISTRAR MR. RAJESH KUMAR GOEL Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal(C) No(s).12416/2016 MUNUSAMY & ORS. Petitioner(s) VERSUS THE MANAGING DIRECTOR, TAMIL NADU STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION (VILLUPURAM) LTD. Respondent(s) Date : 26-10-2017 This petition was called on for hearing today. For Petitioner(s) Mr. K.V. Jagdishvaran,Adv. Mr. G. Indira, AOR For Respondent(s) UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R Affidavit of dasti service in respect of sole respondent has not been filed by the Ld. Counsel for the petitioners. Four weeks' time is granted to file the same. List again on 27 th of November, 2017. RAJESH KUMAR GOEL Registrar
ITEM NO.5 REGISTRAR COURT. 2 SECTION XII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE REGISTRAR MR. SANJAY PARIHAR Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (C) No(s). 12416/2016 MUNUSAMY & ORS. Petitioner(s) VERSUS THE MANAGING DIRECTOR, TAMIL NADU STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION (VILLUPURAM) LTD. Respondent(s) Date : 31-08-2017 This petition was called on for hearing today. For Petitioner(s) Mr.K.V.Jagdishvaran,Adv. Ms.G. Indira, AOR For Respondent(s) UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R Await the return of service of notice already issued to the sole respondent. At the request of the Ld.counsel for the petitioner dasti is permitted. List the matter again on 26.10.2017. SANJAY PARIHAR Registrar SB
ITEM NO.10 REGISTRAR COURT. 1 SECTION XII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE REGISTRAR MR. RAJESH KUMAR GOEL Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (C) No(s). 12416/2016 MUNUSAMY & ORS. Petitioner(s) VERSUS THE MANAGING DIRECTOR, TAMIL NADU STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION (VILLUPURAM) LTD. Respondent(s) Date : 01-08-2017 This petition was called on for hearing today. For Petitioner(s) Mr. K.V. Jagdishvaran,Adv. G. Indira, AOR For Respondent(s) UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R Fresh steps be taken by the learned counsel for the petitioners for service on the sole respondent within two weeks' time. Thereafter, notice be issued. List again on 31 st of August, 2017. RAJESH KUMAR GOEL Registrar
ITEM NO.25 COURT NO.6 SECTION XII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (C)......CC No(s). 7491/2016 (Arising out of impugned final judgment and order dated 16/04/2013 in CMA No. 2819/2012 passed by the High Court Of Madras) MUNUSAMY AND ORS. Petitioner(s) VERSUS THE MANAGING DIRECTOR, TAMIL NADU STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION (VILLUPURAM) LTD. Respondent(s) (with appln. (s) for c/delay in filing SLP) Date : 25/04/2016 This petition was called on for hearing today. CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S.A. BOBDE For Petitioner(s) Mr. K.V. Jagdishvaran, adv. Ms. G. Indira,Adv. For Respondent(s) UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R Delay condoned. Issue notice. (NEELAM GULATI) COURT MASTER (SHARDA KAPOOR) COURT MASTER
l ITEM NO.25 COURT NO.6 SECTION XII S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (C)......CC No(s). 7491/2016 (Arising out of impugned final judgment and order dated 16/04/2013 in CMA No. 2819/2012 passed by the High Court Of Madras) MUNUSAMY AND ORS. Petitioner(s) VERSUS THE MANAGING DIRECTOR, TAMIL NADU STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION (VILLUPURAM) LTD. Respondent(s) (with appln. (s) for c/delay in filing SLP) Date : 25/04/2016 This petition was called on for hearing today. CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S.A. BOBDE For Petitioner(s) Mr. K.V. Jagdishvaran, adv. Ms. G. Indira,Adv. For Respondent(s) UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following O R D E R Delay condoned. Issue notice. (NEELAM GULATI) (SHARDA KAPOOR) COURT MASTER COURT MASTERSignature Not VerifiedDigitally signed byNEELAM GULATIDate: 2016.04.2810:44:33 ISTReason: